What are the potential effects of change within chromosome structure on cancer outcomes?

your question is a touch vague, what exactly do you want to know?
That depends. If we can find a gene that for sure cause cancer, and know where it is. And if we can find a agency to create a transposable element that can superimpose on that specific site and induce heterochromatin formation, we may be capable of disactivate that gene and prevent its abilities to motivation cancer.
There are many ifs, but research is individual done (i'm doing some of it at Washington University in St. Louis) to comprehend heterochromatin formation and its total effects on gene silencing. Also, you may want to read up on the RNAi system.